Houston We Have A Problem:
Reinfection By Omicron Variants Are Likely Inducing ADE.
Omicron may be now considered a SEROTYPE of SARS-CoV-2.
A serotype of SARS-CoV-2 refers to a distinct variation or strain of the virus based on the specific antigens present on its surface. These variations can affect how the virus interacts with the immune system and may impact factors such as transmission, severity of illness, and vaccine effectiveness.
Antibody-Dependent Enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon in which antibodies, instead of neutralizing a virus, facilitate its entry into host cells, leading to enhanced viral replication and potentially exacerbating the disease. This occurs when non-neutralizing or suboptimal antibodies bind to the virus but fail to effectively block its entry into cells. Instead, these antibodies may inadvertently promote viral uptake by certain immune cells that have receptors for antibodies, such as macrophages or monocytes. ADE has been observed in various viral infections, including dengue fever, Zika virus, and some strains of coronaviruses, and it is an important consideration in vaccine development to ensure that vaccines do not inadvertently induce ADE.
Towards SARS-CoV-2 serotypes?
https://nature.com/articles/s41579-022-00708-x
Whereas the previous Wild, Alpha, Gamma, Beta, covid-19 variants appeared in rapid succession, Omicron has not been supplanted and is still dominant, since NOVEMBER 2021!
Nothing has replaced it.
This means that the likelihood of ADE occurring is almost certain, especially if you have studied Coronaviruses of the past.
For context:
According to the government, in November 2021, Australia achieved a vaccination rate of 94% over the two years since the pandemic began in 2020, with 2,500 deaths from or with Covid-19 for the two years of the pandmeic. During this period, in November, the milder Omicron variant started to replace the Delta variant. However, by the end of 2022, Australia’s total death toll from or with Covid-19 surged by 14,500 new deaths in a single year compared to the 2,500 over the previous two years of the pandemic reaching a total of 17,000 by the end of 2022. Clearly the efficacy of vaccine against severe disease was poor and it only drove more infectious variants.
Antibody-dependent enhancement occurs upon re-infection with the identical serotype virus in feline infectious peritonitis virus infection
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19122397/
Dr Geert Vanden Bossche appears to be correct.
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